Wiktoria Anczok
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Representation
Representation refers to how individuals, groups, and identities are included, recognized, and depicted across various social, cultural, and political contexts. This concept extends beyond…
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White Defensiveness (Mechanisms)
The term White Defensive Mechanism is an umbrella term that refers to possible reactions shown by White individuals during discussions about racism, their own…
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Whitewashing
Whitewashing refers to all acts of intentional and unintentional altering of the facts, identities, and histories, especially those related to examples of racial inequalities…
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White Guilt
White guilt is a term used to describe the sentiments of guilt, shame, or discomfort that White individuals likely feel as a result of…
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Xenophobia
Xenophobia is a deep-seated fear of individuals perceived as outsiders or culturally different from one’s own community (Guy-Evans, 2023). During social or global crises,…
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White Tears
White Tears refers to emotionally charged reactions, such as guilt, sadness, or defensiveness, that are typically displayed by White individuals when faced with racism…
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Linguistic Imperialism
Linguistic imperialism refers to the dominance of one language at the expense of others, often leading to the marginalization or even extinction of non-dominant,…
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Microaggressions
Microaggressions are forms of subtle discrimination in the form of verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities. They are often automatically and unconsciously directed at members…
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Microinterventions
Targets of microaggressions often experience a “freeze effect,” where they feel uncertain about how to respond. This can lead to feelings of anxiety, guilt,…
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Zero-Sum Thinking
Zero-sum thinking is a mindset in which individuals, groups, and nations view the world as a competitive arena, believing that one person’s success must…
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Reproductive Rights
Reproductive rights are the legal and social rights related to reproduction and reproductive health, which, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is defined…
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White Silence
White Silence takes place when White people avoid speaking up about racial inequalities, such as when witnessing discriminatory behaviours or during conversations about race.…
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Ethocentrism
Ethnocentrism describes the tendency to view one’s own culture as central and therefore often superior. It involves a preference for one’s own culture –…