Cultural Contexts and Narratives
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Representation
Representation refers to how individuals, groups, and identities are included, recognized, and depicted across various social, cultural, and political contexts. This concept extends beyond…
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Stereotype Threat
Stereotypes are representations and beliefs about people and the social groups to which they belong, usually generalized and misattributed (Operario & Fiske, 2003). Stereotype…
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White Defensiveness (Mechanisms)
The term White Defensive Mechanism is an umbrella term that refers to possible reactions shown by White individuals during discussions about racism, their own…
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Whitewashing
Whitewashing refers to all acts of intentional and unintentional altering of the facts, identities, and histories, especially those related to examples of racial inequalities…
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White Guilt
White guilt is a term used to describe the sentiments of guilt, shame, or discomfort that White individuals likely feel as a result of…
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Xenophobia
Xenophobia is a deep-seated fear of individuals perceived as outsiders or culturally different from one’s own community (Guy-Evans, 2023). During social or global crises,…
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White Tears
White Tears refers to emotionally charged reactions, such as guilt, sadness, or defensiveness, that are typically displayed by White individuals when faced with racism…
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Honor Based Violence
Honor Based Violence (HBV) is a form of gender-based violence. In some cultures, used to maintain a family’s reputation through the control of its…
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Woke
The term woke refers to a high awareness of social injustices, particularly related to racism and systemic inequality. However, it is not only about…
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Linguistic Imperialism
Linguistic imperialism refers to the dominance of one language at the expense of others, often leading to the marginalization or even extinction of non-dominant,…
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White Fragility
White fragility, a term coined by Robin DiAngelo (2018), refers to a form of discomfort and defensiveness that White individuals tend to show when…
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Acculturation
Acculturation refers to complex processes in which both individuals and groups’ psychological and cultural change results from contact between at least two different cultural…
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Racialized Beauty Standards
Racialized beauty standards are rooted in racial hierarchies that shape mainstream societal perception of beauty. While diminishing those belonging to non-white ethnic groupings, mostly…
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White Silence
White Silence takes place when White people avoid speaking up about racial inequalities, such as when witnessing discriminatory behaviours or during conversations about race.…
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Ethocentrism
Ethnocentrism describes the tendency to view one’s own culture as central and therefore often superior. It involves a preference for one’s own culture –…