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Racial Stress

  • White Defensiveness (Mechanisms)

    White Defensiveness (Mechanisms)

    The term White Defensive Mechanism is an umbrella term that refers to possible reactions shown by White individuals during discussions about racism, their own…

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  • White Tears

    White Tears

    White Tears refers to emotionally charged reactions, such as guilt, sadness, or defensiveness, that are typically displayed by White individuals when faced with racism…

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  • White Fragility

    White Fragility

    White fragility, a term coined by Robin DiAngelo (2018), refers to a form of discomfort and defensiveness that White individuals tend to show when…

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